Ance Administration, Ministry of Overall health and Welfare, Taiwan, along with the National Overall health Investigation Institute, Taiwan, for kindly supplying the investigation information for analysis. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein usually do not represent these with the aforementioned institutions. Author Contributions Conceived and developed the experiments: VCK JTH. Performed the experiments: VCK WSC. Analyzed the information: VCK JTH WSC YFH THC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YFH THC. Wrote the paper: VCK. Obtained grants for study: JTH. Organized study meetings: JTH. References 1. Bhansing KJ, van Bon L, Janssen M, Radstake TR Gout: a clinical syndrome illustrated and discussed. Neth J Med 68: 352-359. 2. Zhu Y, Pandya 24195657 BJ, Choi HK Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia inside the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Triptorelin biological activity Arthritis Rheum 63: 31363141. three. Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, Dabbous O Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis–data from a potential observational MedChemExpress 1113-59-3 cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 13: R66. four. Kanbay M, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Franco M, Madero M, Solak Y, et al. Microvascular illness and its part in the brain and cardiovascular method: a prospective role for uric acid as a cardiorenal toxin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26: 430437. five. Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, Vizioli L, Muscari A Relationships among hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular illness: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Cardiol 59: 235242. 6. Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 359: 18111821. 7. 
Ford ES Uric acid and mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease amongst adults with and without the need of diagnosed diabetes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Linked Mortality Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 93: e8486. eight. Kok VC, Horng JT, Lin HL, Chen YC, Chen YJ, et al. Gout and subsequent elevated danger of cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetics aged 50 and above: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12: 108. 9. Erdogan D, Tayyar S, Uysal BA, Icli A, Karabacak M, et al. Effects of allopurinol on coronary microvascular and left ventricular function in individuals with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 28: 721727. ten. George J, Carr E, Davies J, Belch JJ, Struthers A High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly lowering vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation 114: 25082516. 11. Muir SW, Harrow C, Dawson J, Lees KR, Weir CJ, et al. Allopurinol use yields potentially beneficial effects on inflammatory indices in those with current ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 39: 33033307. 12. Siu YP, Leung KT, Tong MK, Kwan TH Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal illness through its capability to reduce serum uric acid level. Am J Kidney Dis 47: 5159. 13. Stone PH Allopurinol a brand new anti-ischemic role for an old drug. J Am Coll Cardiol 58: 829830. 14. Yiginer O, Ozcelik F, Inanc T, Aparci M, Ozmen N, et al. Allopurinol improves endothelial function and reduces oxidant-inflammatory enzyme of myeloperoxidase in metabolic syndrome. Clin Res Cardiol 97: 334340. 15. Rekhraj S, Gandy SJ, Szwejkowski BR, Nadir MA, Noman A, et al. High-dose allopurinol reduces left ventricular mass in individuals with ischemic heart illness. J Am Coll Cardiol 61: 926932. 16. Goicoechea M, de.Ance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, as well as the National Well being Study Institute, Taiwan, for kindly providing the analysis data for evaluation. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not represent these of your aforementioned institutions. Author Contributions Conceived and made the experiments: VCK JTH. Performed the experiments: VCK WSC. Analyzed the data: VCK JTH WSC YFH THC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YFH THC. Wrote the paper: VCK. Obtained grants for research: JTH. Organized study meetings: JTH. References 1. Bhansing KJ, van Bon L, Janssen M, Radstake TR Gout: a clinical syndrome illustrated and discussed. Neth J Med 68: 352-359. two. Zhu Y, Pandya 24195657 BJ, Choi HK Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia inside the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum 63: 31363141. 3. Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, Dabbous O Hyperuricemia along with the threat for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis–data from a prospective observational cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 13: R66. four. Kanbay M, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Franco M, Madero M, Solak Y, et al. Microvascular disease and its part inside the brain and cardiovascular method: a possible function for uric acid as a cardiorenal toxin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26: 430437. five. Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, Vizioli L, Muscari A Relationships amongst hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Cardiol 59: 235242. 6. Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ Uric acid and cardiovascular danger. N Engl J Med 359: 18111821. 7. Ford ES Uric acid and mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular illness among adults with and without diagnosed diabetes: findings from the National Wellness and Nutrition Examination Survey III Linked Mortality Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 93: e8486. eight. 
Kok VC, Horng JT, Lin HL, Chen YC, Chen YJ, et al. Gout and subsequent elevated threat of cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetics aged 50 and above: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12: 108. 9. Erdogan D, Tayyar S, Uysal BA, Icli A, Karabacak M, et al. Effects of allopurinol on coronary microvascular and left ventricular function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 28: 721727. 10. George J, Carr E, Davies J, Belch JJ, Struthers A High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly minimizing vascular oxidative anxiety and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation 114: 25082516. 11. Muir SW, Harrow C, Dawson J, Lees KR, Weir CJ, et al. Allopurinol use yields potentially helpful effects on inflammatory indices in these with recent ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 39: 33033307. 12. Siu YP, Leung KT, Tong MK, Kwan TH Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease by way of its capability to reduce serum uric acid level. Am J Kidney Dis 47: 5159. 13. Stone PH Allopurinol a brand new anti-ischemic function for an old drug. J Am Coll Cardiol 58: 829830. 14. Yiginer O, Ozcelik F, Inanc T, Aparci M, Ozmen N, et al. Allopurinol improves endothelial function and reduces oxidant-inflammatory enzyme of myeloperoxidase in metabolic syndrome. Clin Res Cardiol 97: 334340. 15. Rekhraj S, Gandy SJ, Szwejkowski BR, Nadir MA, Noman A, et al. High-dose allopurinol reduces left ventricular mass in patients with ischemic heart illness. J Am Coll Cardiol 61: 926932. 16. Goicoechea M, de.
